Their energy is released as two 511 keV gamma rays.Įmission of gamma radiation also occurs when an excited daughter nuclide decays to its nuclear ground state. The positron is short-lived because it quickly collides with an electron, and both particles are annihilated. The emitted positron reduces the atomic number of a daughter nuclide by one. This particle has the same mass as an electron, making it an antiparticle of the electron, and is called a positron. Thus, the mass number remains unchanged.īeta-plus decay is the conversion of a proton to a neutron, emitting a positively charged particle from the nucleus. The daughter nuclide has an additional proton, and its atomic number is one greater than that of the parent nuclide.ĭuring the process, the number of neutrons decreases by one however, the number of protons increases by one. Alpha decay reduces the atomic number by two and mass number by four, like the conversion of polonium-210 to lead-206.īeta-minus decay is an emission of high-energy electrons from the nucleus by conversion of a neutron into a proton. Each of these particles has a two-plus charge. The fundamental nuclear emissions include alpha particles, beta particles, positrons, neutrons, gamma rays, and X-rays.Īn alpha particle is composed of two protons and two neutrons, resembling the helium-4 nucleus. Radionuclides disintegrate to daughter nuclides along with the emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation.
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